The horrors of the First World War destroyed many of Europe's old guarantees. The empire fell and the government seems uncertain. In many countries, people are turning to a new movement called fascism. Fascism first appeared in Italy and was a new violent political movement. It seems to have traditional virtues such as unity, nationalism and love for the motherland. Its leaders are mainly military, providing strong discipline and demanding absolute obedience to their orders. Fascism quickly gathered forces throughout Europe and South America.
Fascists hate communism, but they also want to destroy the old nobility. The combination of this idea seems to be in the poor and middle class, and their comfort and savings are threatened by inflation, falling wages and unemployment.
After the First World War, Italy faced unemployment and soaring prices, even though they were on the verge of victory. People lost confidence in the crumbling government. Many people, especially powerful factory owners and church leaders, are worried about the acquisition of the Communist Party. The time has come for journalists and former warriors Benito Mussolini to launch the first fascist movement. He promised to smash the threat of communism and make Italy a strong country. Many people welcome his strong leadership. Mussolini's supporters, black youth mobs, fear and intimidate politicians on the streets. The government cannot tame them. King Victor Emmanuel III was afraid of the communist revolution, so in 1922 he decided to appoint Prime Minister Mussolini. Mussolini gradually wiped out all his enemies and became dictators.
The First World War shattered the German economy. After the collapse of the New York Stock Exchange in 1929, German money became almost worthless. Inflation means that people need a suitcase full of cash to buy a loaf of bread. In this climate, a new form of fascism will soon emerge. It is called Nazism and is built on violent racial hatred. Nazism encouraged anti-Semitism or hatred of Jews, who accused all economic problems in Germany. Adolf Hitler was an avid anti-Semitic who founded the Nazi Party in 1920. It has grown rapidly. His chattering speech provides a vision of a glorious German Masters, better than Jewish and dark-skinned people. Under the leadership of a strong leader, they will build an empire with a millennial empire. Millions of Germans are hungry for Hitler's appeal, desperate and resentful of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
In 1933, Hitler was elected prime minister and soon ousted all other political parties. He established a vicious prison camp in Dachau, and his followers murdered more than a hundred of his competitors in the June 1934 Night of the Long Knives. Nazi thugs attacked German Jews and their homes and shops. Jewish children were expelled from school. In 1938, hundreds of synagogues were burned and thousands of Jews were arrested - this is a serious sign of coming.
The fascist leaders promised to give the people glory and need to win in order to satisfy them. By the middle of 1930, Mussolini's economic plan was in ruins and people became restless. In order to distract their attention, he launched an attack on Ethiopia in 1935. The Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie asked the International League to provide support. However, it failed to stop Mussolini. On the other hand, Hitler ordered the troops to enter the Rhineland, although this was covered by the Treaty of Versailles. The League of Nations did not respond at all. In fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, Mussolini and Hitler pursued the foreign policy agenda of territorial expansionism and interventionism that was celebrated in the Second World War from 1930 to 1940.
Orignal From: The rise of fascism and its prominent leader
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